Mental retardation

This is a term that  was once used  to describe someone who learnt and developed slowly. It is a negative  word  that  hurt  many people. Instead, people use â€Å"intellectual disability† or â€Å"developmental delay†. Mental retardation has  various  categories; mild mental retardation, moderate mental retardation, severe mental retardation, and  profound  mental retardation. Mental retardation has many causes. The following are the causes: low IQ scores, genetic complications, childhood illness and injuries.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Mental retardation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The media portray disabled people as the same with others. It also portrays people who succeed with disabilities while others  live  with them. The media make people feel better about the condition of this disabled  people  without having to  accommodate  them. Media improves pe ople’s understanding of the disabilities. Forrest Gump Forrest Gump is a  man  who has  low  brain activity but he has devoted  intention. He struggles throughout his childhood. He has one  and only  friend  whose name is Jenny. He has a mother who teaches him the ways of life. She then leaves him to choose his destiny. She believes that her son has the same opportunities as anyone else and nothing can hold him back. Forrest Gump chooses to join the army for service in Vietnam. This is where makes new friends by the names Dan and Bubba. He wins awards and starts a ping pong  craze. Forrest creates a  famous  shrimp fishing fleet and inspires people to  jog. He writes bumper stickers and songs. He also meets the  president  several times. Despite all these, everything is irrelevant to him since he can only think about his childhood best friend-Jenny. At long last, he wants to prove to everyone that anyone can love anybody. A low IQ man gives his lif e’s story to people waiting in a bus station.  A  man  with  low  intelligence has accomplished  great  things,  which nobody  could imagine is possible. â€Å"Forrest Gump† is a  story  of a man who rose above his challenges and proved that  ability is  less significant than  courage, love, and determination. This story covers the life of Forrest Gump and his meeting with the love of his life Jenny. Also, the film covers his accidental experiences with some of the most famous people and events in America including the  meeting  with Elvis Presley. He becomes a  representative  of  the baby boomer generation having walked through life  blindly. Ways in which Forrest Gump  was portrayed The portraying of Forrest Gump is either in a positive or negative light. He has limited IQ and at the same time seems to have  unlimited  love and  devotion  for the love of his life Jenny (Robin Wright).Advertising Looking for essa y on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Gump’s color-blindness makes him  involve  himself with all black church, showing obedience to his loving mother and to the authorities around him. Gump’s film is off children due to the fallen world around him. Forrest did not have many friends. For example, during his first  day  in school, he could not  board  the school bus since no one could  allow  him sit next to him. Depiction of intellectual disabilities People with intellectual disabilities or learning disabilities  are  not able to  give  narrative about them. Many people do not know the meaning of intellectual disabilities. Therefore, it all depends with how this  condition  is culturally accepted  and how it  is known  medically. Name given to Forrest in the Movie Children in school call him â€Å"stupid† and throw stones at Gump. His  sweetheart  Jenny tells him to  run away. He miraculously breaks off his braces and runs extremely fast as if he did not  have  them  previously. This  name  Ã¢â‚¬Å"stupid† brings about his meeting with  many  celebrates. For example, Elvis Presley comes to see him in his house while the president honours him with a medal. Better understanding of mental retardation People would  get  a better understanding of mental retardation in some cases like when Forrest becomes a celebrant and receives a  medal  of  honour  in all American football. Many people cannot have a better understanding of mental retardation. They believe that mental retarded people do not have any ability to do anything. Others  despise  these people. They do not  accept  the in their families and look at them as a burden to them. Most of these retarded people end up begging throughout their lives. This is because they lack financial support from their families (Zigler 202). The biggest advocates i n the film Forrest’s mother is an  advocate  who believes that her son is capable of doing what other people can. She tells her son that nothing can  hold  him back. Also, Jenny helps him by keeping him  company  to and  from school. She helps him stop feeling out of place. She loves him while others despise him although she then realises that she does not deserve his love. Also, the president who honours him with a medal is a leading advocate. He motivates him through awards. Through doing this, he makes him feel recognised in the society just like any other person.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Mental retardation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Works Cited Zigler, Edward, and Robert M. Hodapp.  Understanding mental retardation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986. Print. This essay on Mental retardation was written and submitted by user Adele Nguyen to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Biography of Eva Perón, First Lady of Argentina

Biography of Eva Perà ³n, First Lady of Argentina Eva Perà ³n (May 7, 1919–July 26, 1952) was the wife of Argentine President Juan Perà ³n and the First Lady of Argentina. Fondly known as Evita, she played a major role in her husbands administration. She is widely remembered for her efforts to help the poor and for her role in helping women win the right to vote. Fast Facts: Eva Perà ³n Known For: As the First Lady of Argentina, Eva became a hero of women and the working class.Also Known As: Marà ­a Eva Duarte, EvitaBorn: May 7, 1919 in Los Toldos, ArgentinaParents: Juan Duarte and Juana IbargurenDied: July 26, 1952 in Buenos Aires, ArgentinaSpouse: Juan Perà ³n (m. 1945-1952) Early Life Maria Eva Duarte was born in Los Toldos, Argentina, on May 7, 1919, to Juan Duarte and Juana Ibarguren, an unmarried couple. The youngest of five children, Eva (as she came to be known) had three older sisters and one older brother. Juan Duarte worked as the estate manager of a large, successful farm, and the family lived in a house on the main street of their small town. However, Juana and the children shared Juan Duartes income with his first family, a wife and three daughters who lived in the nearby town of Chivilcoy. Not long after Evas birth, the central government, which had previously been run by wealthy and corrupt landowners, came under the control of the Radical Party, made up of middle-class citizens who favored reform. Juan Duarte, who had benefited greatly from his friendships with those landowners, soon found himself without a job. He returned to his hometown of Chivilcoy to join his other family. When he left, Juan turned his back on Juana and their five children. Eva was not yet a year old. Juana and her children were forced to leave their home and move into a tiny house near the railroad tracks, where Juana made a meager living from sewing clothes for the townspeople. Eva and her siblings had few friends; they were ostracized because their illegitimacy was considered scandalous. In 1926, when Eva was 6 years old, her father was killed in a car accident. Juana and the children traveled to Chivilcoy for his funeral and were treated as outcasts by Juans first family. Dreams of Being a Star Juana moved her family to a larger town, Junin, in 1930, to seek more opportunities for her children. The older siblings found jobs and Eva and her sister enrolled in school. As a teenager, young Eva became fascinated with the world of movies; in particular, she loved American movie stars. Eva made it her mission to one day leave her small town and life of poverty and move to Buenos Aires, the capital of Argentina, to become a famous actress. Against her mothers wishes, Eva made the move to Buenos Aires in 1935 when she was only 15 years old. The actual details of her departure remain cloaked in mystery. In one version of the story, Eva traveled to the capital on a train with her mother, ostensibly to audition for a radio station. When Eva succeeded in finding a job in radio, her angry mother then returned to Junin without her. In the other version, Eva met a popular male singer in Junin and convinced him to take her with him to Buenos Aires. In either case, Evas move to Buenos Aires was permanent. She only returned to Junin for short visits to her family. Older brother Juan, who had already moved to the capital city, was charged with keeping an eye on his sister. Life in Buenos Aires Eva arrived in Buenos Aires at a time of great political change. The Radical Party had fallen out of power by 1935, replaced by a coalition of conservatives and wealthy landowners known as the Concordancia. This group removed reformists from government positions and gave jobs to their own friends and followers. Those who resisted or complained were often sent to prison. Poor people and the working class felt powerless against the wealthy minority. With few material possessions and little money, Eva found herself among the poor, but she never lost her determination to succeed. After her job at the radio station ended, she found work as an actress in a troupe that traveled to small towns throughout Argentina. Although she earned little, Eva made certain that she sent money to her mother and siblings. After gaining some acting experience on the road, Eva worked as a radio soap opera actress and even secured a few small film roles. In 1939, she and a business partner started their own business, the Company of the Theater of the Air, which produced radio soap operas and a series of biographies about famous women. By 1943, although she could not claim movie star status, 24-year-old Eva had become successful and fairly well-off. She lived in an apartment in an upscale neighborhood, having escaped the shame of her impoverished childhood. By sheer will and determination, Eva had made her adolescent dream something of a reality. Meeting Juan Perà ³n On January 15, 1944, a massive earthquake struck western Argentina, killing 6,000 people. Argentines across the country wanted to help their fellow countrymen. In Buenos Aires, the effort was led by 48-year-old Army Colonel Juan Domingo Perà ³n, the head of the nations labor department. Perà ³n asked Argentinas performers to use their fame to promote his cause. Actors, singers, and others (including Eva Duarte) walked the streets of Buenos Aires to collect money for earthquake victims. The fundraising effort culminated in a benefit held at a local stadium. There, on January 22, 1944, Eva met Colonel Juan Perà ³n. Perà ³n, a widower whose wife had died of cancer in 1938, was immediately drawn to her. The two became inseparable and very soon Eva proved herself Perà ³ns most ardent supporter. She used her position at the radio station to feature broadcasts that praised Perà ³n as a benevolent government figure. The Arrest of Juan Perà ³n Perà ³n enjoyed the support of many of the poor and those living in rural areas. Wealthy landowners, however, did not trust him and feared he wielded too much power. By 1945, Perà ³n had achieved the lofty positions of minister of war and vice president and was, in fact, more powerful than President Edelmiro Farrell. Several groups- including the Radical Party, the Communist Party, and conservative factions- opposed Perà ³n. They accused him of dictatorial behaviors, such as censorship of the media and brutality against university students during a peaceful demonstration. The final straw came when Perà ³n appointed a friend of Evas as secretary of communications, enraging those in government who believed Eva had become too involved in affairs of state. Perà ³n was forced by a group of army officers to resign on October 8, 1945, and taken into custody. President Farrell- under pressure from the military- ordered that Perà ³n be held on an island off the coast of Buenos Aires. Eva unsuccessfully appealed to a judge to have Perà ³n released. Perà ³n himself wrote a letter to the president demanding his release and the letter was leaked to newspapers. Members of the working class, Perà ³ns staunchest supporters, came together to protest Perà ³ns incarceration. On the morning of October 17, workers all over Buenos Aires refused to go to work. Shops, factories, and restaurants stayed closed, as employees took to the streets chanting Perà ³n! The protestors brought business to a grinding halt, forcing the government to release Perà ³n. Four days later, on October 21, 1945, 50-year-old Juan Perà ³n married 26-year-old Eva Duarte in a simple civil ceremony. President and First Lady Encouraged by the strong show of support, Perà ³n announced that he would run for president in the 1946 election. As the wife of a presidential candidate, Eva came under close scrutiny. Ashamed of her illegitimacy and childhood poverty, Eva was not always forthcoming with her answers when questioned by the press. Her secrecy contributed to her legacy: the white myth and the black myth of Eva Perà ³n. In the white myth, Eva was a saint-like, compassionate woman who helped the poor and disadvantaged. In the black myth, she was depicted as ruthless and ambitious, willing to do anything to advance her husbands career. Eva quit her radio job and joined her husband on the campaign trail. Perà ³n did not affiliate himself with a particular political party; instead, he formed a coalition of supporters from different parties, made up primarily of workers and union leaders. Perà ³n won the election and was sworn in on June 5, 1946. Evita Perà ³n inherited a country with a strong economy. Following World War II, many European nations, in dire financial circumstances, borrowed money from Argentina and some were forced to import wheat and beef from Argentina as well. Perà ³ns government profited from the arrangement, charging interest on the loans and fees on the exports from ranchers and farmers. Eva, who preferred to be called Evita (Little Eva) by the working class, embraced her role as the first lady. She installed members of her family in high government positions in areas such as the postal service, education, and customs. Eva visited workers and union leaders at factories, questioning them about their needs and inviting their suggestions. She also used these visits to give speeches in support of her husband. Eva Perà ³n saw herself as a dual persona; as Eva, she performed her ceremonial duties in the role of the first lady; as Evita, champion of the working class, she served her people face-to-face, working to fill their needs. She opened offices in the Ministry of Labor and sat at a desk, greeting working-class people in need of help. She used her position to get help for those who came in with urgent requests. If a mother could not find adequate medical care for her child, Eva saw to it that the child was taken care of. If a family lived in squalor, she arranged for better living quarters. European Tour Despite her good deeds, Eva Perà ³n had many critics. They accused her of overstepping boundaries and interfering in government affairs. This skepticism toward the first lady was reflected in negative reports about her in the press. In an effort to better control her image, Eva purchased her own newspaper, the Democracia. The newspaper gave heavy coverage to Eva, publishing favorable stories about her and printing glamorous photos of her attending galas. Newspaper sales soared. In June 1947, Eva traveled to Spain at the invitation of fascist dictator Francisco Franco. Argentina was the only nation that maintained a diplomatic relationship with Spain following World War II and had given financial aid to the struggling country. But Perà ³n would not consider making the trip, lest he be perceived as fascist; he did, however, allow his wife to go. It was Evas first trip on an airplane. Upon her arrival in Madrid, Eva was welcomed by more than three million people. After 15 days in Spain, Eva went on to tour Italy, Portugal, France, and Switzerland. After becoming well-known in Europe, Eva was also featured on the cover of Time magazine in July 1947. Perà ³n Is Reelected Perà ³ns policies became known as Perà ³nism, a system that promoted social justice and patriotism. The government took control of many businesses and industries, ostensibly to improve their production. Eva played a major role in helping to keep her husband in power. She spoke at large gatherings and on the radio, singing the praises of President Perà ³n and citing all of the things he had done to help the working class. Eva also rallied working women of Argentina after the Argentine Congress gave women the right to vote in 1947. She created the Perà ³nist Womens Party in 1949. The efforts of the newly formed party paid off for Perà ³n during the 1951 election. Nearly four million women voted for the first time, many for Perà ³n. But much had changed since Perà ³ns first election five years earlier. Perà ³n had become increasingly authoritarian, placing restrictions upon what the press could print, and firing- even imprisoning- those who opposed his policies. Foundation By early 1948, Eva was receiving thousands of letters a day from needy people requesting food, clothing, and other necessities. In order to manage so many requests, Eva knew she needed a more formalized organization. She created the Eva Perà ³n Foundation in July 1948 and acted as its sole leader and decision-maker. The foundation received donations from businesses, unions, and workers, but these donations were often coerced. People and organizations faced fines and even jail time if they did not contribute. Eva kept no written record of her expenditures, claiming that she was too busy giving the money away to the poor to stop and count it. Many people, having seen newspaper photos of Eva dressed in expensive dresses and jewels, suspected her of keeping some of the money for herself, but these charges could not be proven. Despite suspicions about Eva, the foundation did accomplish many important goals, awarding scholarships and building houses, schools, and hospitals. Death Eva worked tirelessly for her foundation and therefore was not surprised that she was feeling exhausted in early 1951. She also had aspirations to run for vice president alongside her husband in the upcoming November election. Eva attended a rally supporting her candidacy on August 22, 1951. The following day, she collapsed. For weeks thereafter, Eva suffered abdominal pain. She eventually agreed to exploratory surgery and was diagnosed with inoperable uterine cancer. Eva was forced to withdraw from the election. On election day in November, a ballot was brought to her hospital bed and Eva voted for the first time. Perà ³n won the election. Eva appeared only once more in public, very thin and obviously ill, at her husbands inaugural parade. Eva Perà ³n died on July 26, 1952, at the age of 33. Following the funeral, Juan Perà ³n had Evas body preserved and was planning to put it on display. However, Perà ³n was forced into exile when the army staged a coup in 1955. Amidst the chaos, Evas body disappeared. Not until 1970 was it learned that soldiers in the new government, fearing that Eva could remain a symbolic figure for the poor- even in death- had removed her body and buried her in Italy. Evas body was eventually returned and re-buried in her family’s crypt in Buenos Aires in 1976. Legacy Eva remains an enduring cultural icon in Argentina and Latin America, and in many places people still honor the anniversary of her death. Among some groups, she has attained an almost saint-like status. In 2012, her image was printed on 20 million Argentine 100-peso notes. Sources Barnes, John.  Evita First Lady: a Biography of Eva Perà ³n. Grove/Atlantic, 1996.Taylor, Julie. Eva Perà ³n: The Myths of a Woman. University of Chicago Press, 1996.

Mother Tongue by Amy Tan and Veil by Marjane Satrapi Essay

Mother Tongue by Amy Tan and Veil by Marjane Satrapi - Essay Example Language is and will always remain to be key constituent of communication. The article, ‘Mother Tongue’ is highly provocative in its connotations because it not only shows that language, specifically, English language is significant medium of expression but most importantly, it has succeeded to evoke creative discourse on issue which is intrinsically linked to the language. Indeed, facilitating communication through language is critical issue within and outside the precinct of language externalities like grammar, spelling, correct phrasing etc. She is emphatic that English as literary language needs to be confined within the paradigms of literature only, though, of course, language that is easily understood is an important condition. She stresses that language ability is often associated with wide ranging implications, leaving behind its key objective of communication. Often in a developed society, the lack of command in the native language is construed to be a major def iciency that reflects in undermining the dignity of individuals. The individuals get associated with personality disorders and deliberately not taken seriously. She cites the example of her mother who is not proficient in English language, thus uses ‘broken or fractured English’. ... highly innovative in her work that has communicated her deepest feeling not through structured English but by graphic displays that have conveyed her thoughts effectively. The ‘Veil’ depicts the religious fanatics and the strict code of conduct under the stringent and extremely biased Islamic laws that reflect a new perspective of the people of Iran. The text/visuals disseminate information in a unique manner that is praiseworthy as well as hugely imaginative. Satrapi has shown that communication has more than one media and language is just a tool that strengthens expressions of thoughts into concrete format. Most importantly, the author of ‘Veil’ has revealed new dimension of language. She shows that language can also be interpreted in diverse ways and readers/ listeners need also be tuned to the changing thought processes of the concerned individual. In other words, understanding of people also becomes a critical element in the effective communication proc esses. People must make efforts to understand the compulsions of other individuals who are probably trying to communicate important information in a language that might be ‘broken or fractured’ as Amy Tan says. The native language and immigrants have become two important faces of same coin, the language barrier! Indeed, it cannot be denied that proficiency in native language is desirable but making it a compulsion for common man defeats the very purpose of language which is to communicate. The issue of language, specifically, English language is an important factor for myriad reasons. It is widely used in the developing world where immigrants go for higher education or for better prospects vis-a-vis job opportunities and personal and professional growth. Hence, knowledge and skill in the language is

Toyota Company in China Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Toyota Company in China - Case Study Example This paper will use the Porters five forces model as well as SWOT analysis in assessing the market entry strategy employed by Toyota Company to enter the Chinese market. Hill and Jones (2007) affirm that once the boundary of an organisation has been established, strategic planning managers are faced with the task of analysing competitive forces with the organisational climate to establish threats and opportunities. The Porter’s five forces model sheds more light on the five integral forces that shapes competition within an organisation. It also examines the degree of rivalry among firms, the bargaining strength of suppliers, as well as the proximity of the alternatives to the firm’s product as well as the bargaining strength of customers or buyers (Kotler, Berger & Bickhoff 2010). This model stipulates that the higher the degree of strength of each of the five forces, the less the capacity of the identified firms to hike prices and rip maximum returns. In this model, a strong competitive force can be perceived as threat. This is attributed to the fact that stronger competitive forces suppress returns. On the other hand, weak competitive forces can be perceived as opportunity.This is because weak forces enable a firm to make bigger profits (Patnaik 2012). According to Dyck and Neubert (2008), the strength of the five forces can undergo histrionic transformation via time as the firm situations are altered.

Africa Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Africa - Article Example Access to food is a basic but most violated human rights throughout the world in recent times. World Food Summit 1996 hunger reduction target proved to be a failure regardless of the fact that food production grew faster than the world population. Throughout world, about 840 million people are malnourished and most of them are in Africa (Clover 5-7).Food security is a term used for adequate access to nutritious food which is considered as acceptable in a certain culture. Chronic food insecurity affected 38 million people, and hunger claimed 24,000 lives daily in Africa during 2003.Famine is the extreme manifestation of food insecurity, among 39 countries experiencing food emergencies in world, 25 are African. However, this is the crisis that emerged in slow motion. Africas state of food emergency is a consequence of a wide range of issues which include: structural poverty; famine and drought; adverse weather conditions; civil conflicts; political and economic crises; HIV/AIDS and ina dequate policy and decision making. Failure is identifying the intervening the developing issues are probably the major causes of Africa’s persistent vulnerability. In order to tackle these root causes, focusing on structural deficiencies must lead to long-term reconsideration process of food security. Moreover, WTO must restructure for active participation in poor countries. For a balanced approach in dealing with immediate food aid issues and long-term strategic plans, a multifaceted approach covering political, social, economic, and environmental factors must be devised(Clover 8-14). World Food Summit(WFS) held in 1996 established the target of reducing hungry people by at least 20 million every year during 2000-2015.Some countries have showed progress, however, annual decrease of 2.5 million is far below the level required to achieve the target by 2015(Clover

Why China Is A Threat To India History Essay

Why China Is A Threat To India History Essay 1. The Chinese leadership believes that conflict is due largely to the rapacious role of the adversary, and that in this zero-sum context the application of violence is highly efficacious for dealing with the enemy. These assumptions generally translate into preference for offensive strategies followed by progressively less coercive ones, where accommodation is ranked last. This makes conflict over territory and other core interests of the Chinese regime and the PLA highly likely if the other state refuses to accommodate to Chinese goals.1 2. The Chinese defence white paper for the year 2008 critically analyses the world security situation and clearly brings out Chinas willingness to play a major role in international affairs. China also gives out its military policy as that of active defence, which means that China can launch a pre emptive if the need be so. The white paper also gives out probable reasons as to why would China go on war with any nation. The white paper states World peace and development are faced with multiple difficulties and challenges. Struggles for strategic resources, strategic locations and strategic dominance have intensified. Meanwhile, hegemonism and power politics still exist, regional turmoil keeps spilling over, hotspot issues are increasing, and local conflicts and wars keep emerging. 2 The reasons for likely struggle (conflicts) as given in the white paper in context of India are being analysed below: (a) Strategic Resources. Strategic resources in Indian context which could affect Sino-Indian relations could be water, natural gas, oil, exploration rights over sea and in other continents/ nations. The Chinese ambitious plan to divert river Brahmaputra before it enters India could be potential cause of conflict. Moreover, China views water of the yarlem Tsangpo (Brahmaputra) as an important natural resource, especially for its North Western provinces. Chinas dependence on imported oil will continue to rise and it is assessed that by 2010, it will be importing 61% of its oil requirements and by 2020, the figure will rise to 76.9%. Indias oil imports by 2020 are likely to be 91.6%. 3 majority of Chinas oil (about 54% ) 4 is imported from the African continent whereas majority of Indian oil imports are from the middle east countries. Chinas oil imports will have to cross the Indian ocean, where Indian Navy has the potential and capability to interdict these strategic supplies. China v iews this as a major weakness and is trying to counter balance the Indian Navy by its string of pearl policy. Especially the port that China is developing at Gwadar in Pakistan could provide China a base from where Indian oil supplies could be threatened. Chinese participation in anti piracy operations in the Gulf of Aden, could provide the PLAN experience of conducting operations far away from the mainland. This could come in handy especially in keeping the threats from Indian Navy at bay in case of a conflict. (b) Strategic Locations. Chinas perceived strategic frontiers can be said to include the Indian Ocean and the Malacca straits to the South West, South China Sea, the East China sea, in addition to the current territorial boundaries and claimed justification over the aforementioned territories. 5 As interests between India and China clash in these regions, conflicts cannot be ruled out. China also views Central Asian Republics as important and strategic locations due to the enormous amount of gas reserves there. China has also made efforts to establish its presence in a manner so as to secure its sea lanes of communications, import gas through pipelines avoiding shipment through Indian Ocean where India can influence Chinese shipping, and also to acquire strategic bases such as Gwadar in Pakistan, Coco islands to be able to establish strategic naval capabilities. The reaons for conflict with India will keep increasing wherever interests clash. (c) Strategic Dominance. China views itself as one of the major powers in the world and the leading power in Asia. Mr Barak Obama termed it as the leader amongst Asian countries during his maiden visit to China. China also aspires to be a powerful nation second to none. In the Chinese quest for greatness Chinese analysts feel that two nations, Japan and India could be hindrances in its road to greatness. Japan because of the overbearing legacy from history and India due to its differences with China. The Tibet Issue 3. China invaded and captured Tibet in 1956. Indian opinion about Chinese occupation of Tibet has changed over a period of time and India now recognises Tibet as a part of China. However, Chinese still feel that India through the Dalai Lama tries to bring to fore the Tibet issue. Notwithstanding, Indias support to China during the anti China protests by Tibetans in the run up to the previous Olympics, Chinas mistrust of India has never diminished and could be used as an ostensible cause for conflict against India by China. Territorial Dispute 4. Today the line of actual control by both sides in the in the eastern sector conforms to the McMahon Line. The disputed area between the pre-1914 outer line and the McMahon Line covers a total area of 90,000 square kilometers. According to China this area comprises Tibets three districts of Monyul, Loyul and Lower Zayul; and according to India, this area is its Arunachal Pradesh. In the western sector, the line of actual control runs roughly along the Karakoram Range, conforming to the Chinese claim. The Indian Government however, claims that the boundary runs along the Kunlun range from the Karakoram pass. The disputed area is the Aksai Chin region between the two ranges, covering a total area of about 33,000 square Kilometers. This area falls mainly in Chinas Xinjiang and Part of it belongs to the Ari district of Tibet. The Indian government claims that it is part of its Ladakh area of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. This area is sparsely inhabited, serving only as the traffic ar tery linking Xinjiang with Tibet. The unresolved border dispute has been an irritant in Indo China relations and can be a potential cause of conflict in future. Recent Diplomatic Struggles 5. Chinas recent reactions over Indian prime ministers visit to Arunachal Pradesh, Dalai Lamas visit to the same place and issuing visa to Indian Kashmiris on a separate paper have been seen has diplomatic offensives by China to contain India. Analysts feel that China could be looking for reasons to launch a swift political offensive against India in future to resolve the border issues in its favour. China has resolved its border disputes with those counties which are relatively weaker. 6 It could be deduced that China wants to resolve its disputes with other nations from a strong position so as to gain an advantageous deal. Moreover, normalisation of relations with Taiwan offers China the flexibility to switch forces from its Eastern borders to the borders neighbouring India. China Pakistan Nexus 6. China has been helping Pakistan militarily and in nuclear technology to develop a foil for India and to contain India in South Asian region. Export of military technology and hardware and clandestine support to Pakistan in for developing strategic weapons such as missiles and nuclear weapons flouting all international norms is seen as an effort to dilute Indias military potential. China does not at present wish to see any tensions on its borders with India. But at the same time, its approach to our sub-continental neighbours and our friends in ASEAN indicates that it will spare no effort to contain India strategically. Its actions like continuing assistance for Pakistans nuclear and missile programmes are quite evidently a part of this policy. 7 Insecurity of the Chinese Leadership 7. China is an economic success story but its leadership is highly insecure. The Chinese government under the communist party has every reason to feel confident. Yet, a Chinese professor, Liu Xiabao, was recently jailed for eleven years, just because he publicly advocated freedom of expression and an end to one-party rule in China. 8 Such incidents, human rights conditions, lack of freedom to press, media and internet in China, the Tiananmen incident etc indicate that Chinese communist leadership does feel highly insecure of any uprising against it. Further, India is the country that is spoken of most often as an enemy in China. 9 The leadership may resort to drastic acts such as annexation of Taiwan or an attack on India to divert public attention, if it is cornered by a popular movement in China against the Communist party. End Notes 1. Sujit Dutta, Chinas emerging Power and Military role: Implications for South Asia p 94 2. Chinese White Paper on National Defence; Year 2008, downloaded from www.china.org on 24 Sep 09 at 1500 h 3. Commander PK Ghosh, The Maritime Dimensions of Indias Energy Security calculus, p 33 4. Vice Admiral Raja Menon in his speech at DSSC on Dec 09 5. Ashok Kapur, China and Proliferation: Implications for India p 405 6. Kondanpalli Sreekanth in his lecture at DSSC Wellington on Nov 09 7. Kondanpalli Sreekanth in his lecture at DSSC Wellington on Nov 09 8. Ian Burma, The Times of India, Bangalore, 16 Jan 10 9. Downloaded from yahoo.com on 28 Sep at 0900 h

William Shakespeares The Taming of the Shrew Essay -- William Shakesp

William Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew "The Taming of the Shrew" could either be seen as offensive or acceptable to women dependant upon the era of which they lived (16th century-the period of Shakespeare, or the 21st century). Act 4 Scene 1 is a main focal point to debate whether the play is seen as offensive to women. In Shakespeare's time, women were not treated humanely but more like objects. Men were seen as the superior sex of which had complete control over women and could marry who ever they wanted. The women had no say in who they married. Basically the two sexes were not treated equally. Also women could not go to school, but had to stay at home to cook and clean. Men could also bet on the behaviour of their wives to see which is the 'tamest'. Obviously a lot has changed since Shakespearian times and men and women are now treated equally and have the same rights as each other. Women can go to school and also choose who they want to marry. In the Shakespearian time the male superiority etc would have been classed as acceptable and normal, but a modern audience would be flabbergasted if they saw a man bidding with the woman's dad to marry her. Throughout Act 4 Scene 1, there are examples of the bad treatment Petruchio forces against Katherina; "I tell thee, Kate, `twas burnt and dried away, And I expressly am forbid to touch it," Act 4 Scene 1, Line 152-3. This quote shows that Petruchio is denying Katherina food by saying it is burnt and later on in his speech that burnt meat produced an excess of the choleric humour, which caused anger. We know he is lying just to make Katherina starve in order to tame her. This could definately be seen as offensive or even a crime for denyin... ...lso the decisions were made not in the sisters interests. In Act 5 Scene 2 the men bet on whose wife is most obedient; "Let's each one send unto his wife and he whose wife is most obedient to come at first when he doth send for her shall win the wager which we will propose" Act 5 Scene 2, Line 66-9. This again shows the women as objects and links to wealth. The men are the superior sex, which have control over all including their wives. My conclusion is, that 'The Taming of the Shrew' could definately be seen as offensive to women, especially in Act 4 Scene 1. The women are shown as betting objects and opportunities to gain in wealth and respect. They were tamed to be the perfect wives through starvation and captivity. Everything that was forced upon the women, were not to their best interests, but to the interests of the person doing it to them.